![]() ![]() Assessing adrenal size can be achieved through flexible nasal endoscopy, where adenoid size grading is on a scale of I to IV. ![]() In a child with these risk factors, AH should be a consideration during a routine examination. Other risk factors noted for developing AH include cigarette smoke exposure and allergic rhinitis. AH is higher in frequency in children with allergic diseases, with the most common allergen being house dust. Adenoid hypertrophy can also lead to comorbid conditions such as serous otitis and sinusitis. An enlarged adenoid may block breathing and be a cause of snoring or obstructive sleep apnea. Īdenoid hypertrophy (AH): Impaired mucociliary clearance has been implicated as playing a role in adenoid hypertrophy, a condition typically seen in children. The adenoids can function as a bacterial reservoir for the nasal cavity and are implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis. Through this mechanism, the adenoids aid in the development of immunologic memory throughout childhood. Recent scientific literature has provided some evidence that adenoids also produce T lymphocytes (cellular immunity) like the thymus gland. Activation of B cells leads their proliferation in areas called germinal centers this helps in producing IgA immunoglobulins. On the surface, adenoid tissue has specialized antigen-capture cells (ACC), M cells, which uptake the pathogenic antigens and then alert the underlying B cells. Adenoids, in conjunction with the lingual and palatine tonsils, are involved in the development of T cells and B cells. Histologically, the lymphoid tissue of the adenoids divides into four lobes with seromucous glands interposed throughout the substance of the tissue.Īs a portion of the Waldeyer ring, adenoids compose the lymphoid tissue that serves as a defense against potential pathogens in the pharynx. ![]() Their composition is of respiratory epithelium. Adenoids are pyramidal in shape, with the apex of the pyramid directed towards the nasal septum, and the base of the pyramid present between the roof and the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. ![]()
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